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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Kenya (2001)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Kenya (2001)

 Norfolk Island (2005)Kenya (2001)
 Norfolk IslandKenya
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) 7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
41.95% (male 6,524,776; female 6,381,192)

15-64 years:
55.26% (male 8,529,842; female 8,471,609)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 376,151; female 482,346) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry coffee, tea, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 230 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
22

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
13

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
208

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
109

under 914 m:
84 (2000 est.)
Area total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
582,650 sq km

land:
569,250 sq km

water:
13,400 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Background Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. Revered president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when current President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. The country faces a period of political uncertainty because MOI is constitutionally required to step down at the next elections that have to be held by early 2003.
Birth rate NA 28.5 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 million


expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
revenues:
$2.91 billion

expenditures:
$2.97 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Kingston Nairobi
Climate subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Coastline 32 km 536 km
Constitution Norfolk Island Act of 1979 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
conventional long form:
Republic of Kenya

conventional short form:
Kenya

former:
British East Africa
Currency - Kenyan shilling (KES)
Death rate NA 14.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external NA $6.2 billion (2000)
Dependency status territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnnie CARSON

embassy:
US Embassy, Mombasa Road, Nairobi

mailing address:
P. O. Box 30137, Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831

telephone:
[254] (2) 537-800

FAX:
[254] (2) 537-810
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission:
Ambassador Yusuf Abdulraham NZIBO

chancery:
2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 387-6101

FAX:
[1] (202) 462-3829

consulate(s) general:
offices in Los Angeles and New York are closed; mission to the UN remains open
Disputes - international none administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary
Economic aid - recipient NA $457 million (1997)
Economy - overview Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. Kenya is well placed to serve as an engine of growth in East Africa, but its economy has been stagnating because of poor management and uneven commitment to reform. In 1993, the government of Kenya implemented a program of economic liberalization and reform that included the removal of import licensing, price controls, and foreign exchange controls. With the support of the World Bank, IMF, and other donors, the reforms led to a brief turnaround in economic performance following a period of negative growth in the early 1990s. Kenya's real GDP grew 5% in 1995 and 4% in 1996, and inflation remained under control. Growth slowed after 1997, averaging only 1.5% in 1997-2000. In 1997, political violence damaged the tourist industry, and Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program lapsed due to the government's failure to maintain reform or address public sector corruption. Severe drought in 1999 and 2000 caused water and energy rationing and reduced agricultural sector productivity. A new economic team was put in place in 1999 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption. The IMF and World Bank renewed their support to Kenya in mid-2000, but a number of setbacks to the economic reform program in late 2000 have renewed donor and private sector concern about the government's commitment to sound governance. Long-term barriers to development include electricity shortages, inefficient government dominance of key sectors, endemic corruption, and high population growth.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 4.075 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 146 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 4.225 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
31%

hydro:
67%

nuclear:
0%

other:
2% (1999 est.)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Kenya 5,199 m
Environment - current issues NA water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 78.733 (December 2000), 76.176 (2000), 70.326 (1999), 60.367 (1998), 58.732 (1997), 57.115 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
chief of state:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote from among the members of the National Assembly for a five-year term; in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI reelected; percent of vote - Daniel T. arap MOI (KANU) 40.6%, Mwai KIBAKI (DP) 31.5%, Raila ODINGA (NDP) 11.1%, Michael WAMALWA (FORD-K) 8.4%, Charity NGILU (SDP) 7.8%
Exports $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, fish, cement
Exports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe Uganda 18%, UK 15%, Tanzania 12%, Pakistan 8% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $45.6 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture:
25%

industry:
13%

services:
62% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - NA purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 0.4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 02 S, 167 57 E 1 00 N, 38 00 E
Geography - note most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value
Highways total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
total:
63,800 km

paved:
8,868 km

unpaved:
54,932 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
34.9% (1994)
Illicit drugs - widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa
Imports $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities NA machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, iron and steel
Imports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe UK 12%, UAE 8%, Japan 8%, US 7% (1999)
Independence none (territory of Australia) 12 December 1963 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA 0.5% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products processing; oil refining, cement; tourism
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
67.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation UPU ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 5 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 660 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court
Labor force 1,345 9.2 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% agriculture 75%-80%
Land boundaries 0 km total:
3,446 km

border countries:
Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
37%

forests and woodland:
30%

other:
25% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Legal system based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (222 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president, but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals)

elections:
last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KANU 107, FORD-A 1, FORD-K 17, FORD-People 3, DP 39, NDP 21, SDP 15, SAFINA 5, smaller parties 2; seats appointed by the president - KANU 6, FORD-K 1, DP 2, SDP 1, NDP 1, SAFINA 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population:
47.49 years

male:
46.57 years

female:
48.44 years (2001 est.)
Literacy NA definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
78.1%

male:
86.3%

female:
70% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,893 GRT/6,255 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $197 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.9% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
7,712,402 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
4,774,889 (2001 est.)
National holiday Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Nationality noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
noun:
Kenyan(s)

adjective:
Kenyan
Natural hazards typhoons (especially May to July) recurring drought in northern and eastern regions; flooding during rainy seasons
Natural resources fish gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
Net migration rate NA -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
according to UNHCR, by the end of 1999 Kenya was host to 223,700 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 141,000 and Sudan 64,250
Pipelines - petroleum products 483 km
Political parties and leaders none Democratic Party of Kenya or DP [Mwai KIBAKI]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Asili or FORD-A [Martin SHIKUKU, secretary general]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Michael Kijana WAMALWA]; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI] - the governing party; National Development Party or NDP [Raila ODINGA, president]; SAFINA [Farah MAALIM, chairman]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Dr. Apollo NJONJO, secretary general and Justus NYANG'AYA, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders none human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY, chairman]
Population 1,828 (July 2005 est.) 30,765,916

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA 42% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate -0.01% (2005 est.) 1.27% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 24, FM 8, shortwave 6 (1999)
Radios - 3.07 million (1997)
Railways - total:
2,778 km

narrow gauge:
2,778 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
the line connecting Nairobi with the port of Mombasa is the most important in the country
Religions Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1%

note:
a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Sex ratio NA at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: free local calls


international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
general assessment:
unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business

domestic:
trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
Telephones - main lines in use 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) 290,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) 5,345 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) 8 (1997)
Terrain volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Total fertility rate NA 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 50% (1998 est.)
Waterways - NA

note:
part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of Kenya
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